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Ketamine potentiates the sedative effects of propofol [85] and midazolam. [86] Naltrexone potentiates psychotomimetic effects of a low dose of ketamine, [87] while lamotrigine [38] and nimodipine [39] decrease them. Clonidine reduces the increase of salivation, heart rate, and blood pressure during ketamine anesthesia and decreases the ...
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
Twilight anesthesia is an anesthetic technique where a mild dose of sedation is applied to induce anxiolysis (anxiety relief), hypnosis, and anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories). The patient is not unconscious, but sedated.
The first dose of ketamine was administered to a human by Edward Domino in 1964. Soon after, Parke-Davis filed a patent for the utilization of the anesthetic. [7] [8] With this patent, ketamine began to be used on the battlefield where it was considered the "buddy drug" because soldiers were able to administer it to one another. [9]
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) refers to the intravenous administration of anesthetic agents to induce a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. The first study of TIVA was done in 1872 using chloral hydrate , [ 1 ] and the common anesthetic agent propofol was licensed in 1986.
The organizations take care of the costs of the camp, transporting the patients to surgery and their rehabilitation while Aravind does the surgery free of cost. Aravind started performing 5 times the number of cataract surgeries that were performed in the entire country and 16 times more than that of the entire U.S. [11]
Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification is frequently performed under surface anaesthesia. Facial nerve, which supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, is blocked in addition for intraocular surgeries. Topical anaesthesia is known to cause endothelial and epithelial toxicity, allergy and surface keratopathy. [citation needed]
General anesthesia was hypothesized to either enhance the inhibitory transmission or reduce the excitatory transmission of neuro signaling. [12] Most volatile anesthetics have been found to be a GABA A agonist, although the site of action on the receptor remains unknown. [13] Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. [14]