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Spanish sobrenombre/apodo 'nickname' is apelido/alcunha/codinome in Brazilian Portuguese, and alcunha in European Portuguese. Spanish rojo is 'red'. Portuguese roxo is 'purple'. 'Red' in Portuguese is vermelho (cognate with Spanish bermejo and bermellón, which mean 'vermilion' or 'cinnabar').
Cinnabar itself is a mercuric sulfide mineral occurring in red crystals. Mercury sulfide is used as a red pigment. The Miño river was named after this mercuric sulfide mineral. In Spanish naming customs, people carry two surnames, the first paternal the second maternal.
Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2, a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1. The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system , crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning .
Spanish red, an iron oxide red [18] also known as torch red, is the color that is called rojo ... The color cinnabar derives from the mineral of the same name.
Vermilion is a very ancient red-orange pigment, made by pulverizing the mineral cinnabar.Its defect is that it is liable to darken with age, and sometimes develops a purple-red surface sheen, as seen in some paintings by Paolo Uccello, including the bridles of the horses depicts in "The Battle of San Romano" .
A Chinese "cinnabar red" carved lacquer box from the Qing dynasty (1736–1795), National Museum of China, Beijing Vermilion (sometimes vermillion ) [ 1 ] is a color family and pigment most often used between antiquity and the 19th century from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide ).
The color red is the longest wavelength of light discernable to the human eye, with a range of between 620 and 750 nanometers. Red was commonly the first color term added to languages after the colors of black and white. As well as this, the color was the first color to be used by humans.
The word was clearly part of Classical Quechua vocabulary, as colonial dictionaries have it, written as <yxma> or <ychma>, as a color term for red. Contemporary linguists interpret additional evidence as pointing to cinnabar as the primary referent of the term.