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John C. Norcross is among the psychologists who have simplified the balance sheet to four cells: the pros and cons of changing, for self and for others. [19] Similarly, a number of psychologists have simplified the balance sheet to a four-cell format consisting of the pros and cons of the current behaviour and of a changed behaviour. [20]
In the same sense as behavior intention, people tend to use counterfactual thinking in goal-directed activity. Studies have shown that counterfactuals serve a preparative function for both individuals and groups. When people fail to achieve their goals, counterfactual thinking may be activated (e.g., studying more after a disappointing grade ...
Perseverative cognition [1] [2] is a collective term in psychology for continuous thinking about negative events [3] in the past or in the future (e.g. worry, rumination and brooding, but also mind wandering about negative topics [4] [5]).
Sample flowchart representing a decision process when confronted with a lamp that fails to light. In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options.
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning [1]) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. [2]
Thinking, Fast and Slow is a 2011 popular science book by psychologist Daniel Kahneman.The book's main thesis is a differentiation between two modes of thought: "System 1" is fast, instinctive and emotional; "System 2" is slower, more deliberative, and more logical.
Quintilian and classical rhetoric used the term color for the presenting of an action in the most favourable possible perspective. [5] Laurence Sterne in the eighteenth century took up the point, arguing that, were a man to consider his actions, "he will soon find, that such of them, as strong inclination and custom have prompted him to commit, are generally dressed out and painted with all ...
In social psychology, illusory superiority is a cognitive bias wherein people overestimate their own qualities and abilities compared to others. Illusory superiority is one of many positive illusions , relating to the self , that are evident in the study of intelligence , the effective performance of tasks and tests, and the possession of ...