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A pay scale (also known as a salary structure) is a system that determines how much an employee is to be paid as a wage or salary, based on one or more factors such as the employee's level, rank or status within the employer's organization, the length of time that the employee has been employed, and the difficulty of the specific work performed.
Weld purging is the act of removing, from the vicinity of the joint; oxygen, water vapour and any other gases or vapours that might oxidize or contaminate a welding joint as it is being welded and immediately after welding. [1] Stainless steels, duplex steels, titanium-, nickel- and zirconium- alloys are sensitive to the presence of air, oxygen ...
Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading AS/NZS 1554.6: Structural steel welding - Welding stainless steels for structural purposes AS/NZS 1554.7: Structural steel welding - Welding of sheet steel structures AS/NZS 3992: Pressure equipment - Welding and brazing qualification AS/NZS 4855
Typically, pay grades encompass two dimensions: a “vertical” range where each level corresponds to the responsibility of, and requirements needed for a certain position; and a “horizontal” range within this scale to allow for monetary incentives rewarding the employee's quality of performance or length of service.
TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel and non-ferrous metals such as aluminium, magnesium, and copper alloys. A related process, plasma arc welding, uses a slightly different welding torch to create a more focused welding arc and as a result is often automated. [1]
Plasma arc welding is an advanced form of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. In the case of TIG, it is an open arc shielded by argon or helium, whereas plasma uses a special torch where the nozzle is used to constrict the arc while the shielding gas is separately supplied by the torch. The arc is constricted with the help of a water-cooled small ...
The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard.
Argon-oxygen blends with 1–2% oxygen are used for austenitic stainless steel where argon-CO 2 can not be used due to required low content of carbon in the weld; the weld has a tough oxide coating and may require cleaning. Hydrogen is used for welding of nickel and some stainless steels, especially thicker pieces. It improves the molten metal ...