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Separately, people with very dark skin and tightly-curled hair were often depicted in art. [5] Classical pedagogy, intermingled with the fraught legacy of racism, has incorrectly imputed racism to ancient depictions of people with the physical characteristics of sub-Saharan Africans. [5] [17]
Romans referred to sub-Saharan Africa as Aethiopia (Ethiopia), which referred to the people's "burned" skin. They also had available memoirs of the ancient Carthage explorer, Hanno the Navigator, being referenced by the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79) [2] and the Greek Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–160). [3]
The Black Sea slave trade trafficked people across the Black Sea from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus to slavery in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. The Black Sea slave trade was a center of the slave trade between Europe and the rest of the world from antiquity until the 19th century. [1]
The Roman Empire at its farthest extent in AD 117. Note, however, that the Sea is called Mare Internum, "Inner Sea," on this map.. Mare Nostrum (/ ˌ m ɑː r ɪ ˈ n ɒ s t r ə m /; [1] Latin: "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea.
When Augustus founded the Roman Empire, the Mediterranean Sea began to be called Mare Nostrum (Latin: "Our Sea") by the Romans. Their empire was centered on this sea and all the area was full of commerce and naval development. For the first time in history, an entire sea (the Mediterranean) was free of piracy.
The so-called Second Mithridatic war ended without any territorial gains by either side. The Romans now began securing the coastal region of Lycia and Pamphylia from pirates and established control over Pisidia and Lycaonia. When in 74 the consul Lucullus took over Cilicia, Mithridates faced Roman commanders on two fronts. The Cilician pirates ...
The Roman Africans or African Romans (Latin: Afri) were the ancient populations of Roman North Africa that had a Romanized culture, some of whom spoke their own variety of Latin as a result. [2] They existed from the Roman conquest until their language gradually faded out after the Arab conquest of North Africa in the Early Middle Ages ...
The historical narrative stems primarily from seven Ancient Egyptian sources [18] and although in these inscriptions the designation "of the sea" does not appear in relation to all of these peoples, [15] [17] the term "Sea Peoples" is commonly used in modern publications to refer to the following nine peoples. [19] [20]