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2. MPLS VPN - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS_VPN

   MPLS VPN is a family of methods for using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS VPN is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an MPLS backbone. There are three types of MPLS VPNs deployed in networks today: 1. Point-to-point 2. Layer 2 (VPLS) 3.

3. Provider-provisioned VPN - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provider-provisioned_VPN

   Provider provisioned VPN. A provider-provisioned VPN (PPVPN) is a virtual private network (VPN) implemented by a connectivity service provider or large enterprise on a network they operate on their own, as opposed to a "customer-provisioned VPN" where the VPN is implemented by the customer who acquires the connectivity service on top of the technical specificities of the provider.

4. Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_Switching

   MPLS technologies have evolved with the strengths and weaknesses of ATM in mind. MPLS is designed to have lower overhead than ATM while providing connection-oriented services for variable-length frames, and has replaced much use of ATM in the market. [3] MPLS dispenses with the cell-switching and signaling-protocol baggage of ATM.

5. Virtual Private LAN Service - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_LAN_Service

   Signalling is the process of establishing pseudowires (PW). The PWs constitute the "data plane", whereby PEs send customer VPN/VPLS traffic to other PEs. BGP provides both auto-discovery and signalling. The mechanisms used are very similar to those used in establishing Layer-3 MPLS VPNs. Each PE is configured to participate in a given VPLS.

6. List of network protocols (OSI model) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols...

   This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.

7. Virtual routing and forwarding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_routing_and_forwarding

   IP VPN is most commonly deployed across an MPLS backbone as the inherent labeling of packets in MPLS lends itself to the identification of the customer VRF. Some IP VPN implementations (notably Nortel's IP-VPN Lite) use a simpler IP-in-IP encapsulation over a pure IP backbone, eliminating the need to maintain and support an MPLS environment.

8. Category:MPLS networking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:MPLS_networking

   Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... Layer 2 MPLS VPN; M. MPLS local protection; MPLS VPN; MPLS-TP; Multiprotocol Label ...

9. Penultimate hop popping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penultimate_hop_popping

   Penultimate hop popping (PHP) is specified in RFC 3031 Section 3.16 and is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network.It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a label switch router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent label edge router (LER).