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Arterial compliance is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Compliance diminishes with age and menopause. Arterial compliance is measured by ultrasound as a pressure (carotid artery) and volume (outflow into aorta) relationship. [5] Compliance, in simple terms, is the degree to which a container experiences pressure or force without disruption.
Transmural pressure is the difference in pressure between two sides of a wall or equivalent separator. According to myogenic theory smooth muscle contract in response to increased transmural pressure and relax to decreased transmural pressure For body vasculature or other hollow organs, see Smooth muscle#External substances
This concept is generally attributed to an article by West et al. in 1964, [1] but was actually proposed two years earlier by Permutt et al. [2] In this article, Permutt suggests "The pressure in the pulmonary arteries and veins is less at the top than at the bottom of the lung. It is quite likely that there is a portion of the lung toward the ...
During this period there is a rapid burst of energy utilization as measured by oxygen consumption. Within a few minutes of initiation the calcium level markedly decrease, MLC 20 myosin light chains phosphorylation decreases, and energy utilization decreases and the muscle can relax. Still, smooth muscle has the ability of sustained maintenance ...
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. [3] Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. [4] The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. [3]
The alveolar pressure is estimated by measuring the pressure in the airways while holding one's breath. [2] The intrapleural pressure is estimated by measuring the pressure inside a balloon placed in the esophagus. [2] Measurement of transpulmonary pressure assists in spirometry in availing for calculation of static lung compliance.
The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are the cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the smallest cardiac veins, and the anterior cardiac veins. Cardiac veins carry blood with a poor level of oxygen, from the myocardium to the right atrium.
Transmural denotes something across a wall or other equivalent: Transmural care is the interface between primary and secondary care in medicine Transmural pressure (disambiguation) , is change in pressure between two separated compartments