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The 42nd Amendment added new Directive Principles, viz. Article 39A, Article 43A and Article 48A. [17] The 42nd Amendment gave primacy to the Directive Principles, by stating that "no law implementing any of the Directive Principles could be declared unconstitutional on the grounds that it violated any of the Fundamental Rights".
Article 43A mandates the State to work towards securing the participation of workers in the management of industries. [41] The State, under Article 46, is also mandated to promote the interests of and work for the economic uplift of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and protect them from discrimination and exploitation. Several ...
In the Constitution of India from 1950, articles 14-16, 19(1)(c), 23-24, 38, and 41-43A directly concern labour rights. Article 14 states everyone should be equal before the law, article 15 specifically says the state should not discriminate against citizens, and article 16 extends a right of "equality of opportunity" for employment or ...
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 67th: Amend article 356. [75] 4 October 1990 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab. 68th: Amend article 356. [76] 12 March 1991 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of ...
Articles 43A, which directs the state to secure Participation of workers in management of industries, was added by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 of the Constitution Articles 43B , which directs the state to strive for Promotion of co-operative societies , was added by the Ninety-Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India [ 28 ]
Article Five of the United States Constitution details the two-step process for amending the nation's plan of government. Amendments must be properly proposed and ratified before becoming operative. This process was designed to strike a balance between the excesses of constant change and inflexibility. [1]
A discussion on the history of this process can be found at Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution. In particular, theories as to the validity of rescission of applications may also be found there as well as in List of rescissions of Article V Convention applications. All known applications are listed here, noting if ...
Article 32A prohibited the Supreme Court from considering the constitutional validity of State laws in writ proceedings for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Article 226A placed a similar prohibition on High Courts from considering the constitutional validity of Central laws. Article 131A barred High Courts making judgements on the ...