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  2. Topaz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

    Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 ( F, OH) 2. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [ 7]

  3. Gemstone irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation

    Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. High levels of ionizing radiation can change the atomic structure of the gemstone's crystal lattice, which in turn alters the optical properties within it. [ 1] As a result, the gem­stone's color may be significantly ...

  4. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals ... Topaz; Tourmaline subgroup: Achroite (var.) Chrome (var.) Dravite; Elbaite; Fluor-liddicoatite;

  5. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

  6. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

    Logan Sapphire. Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. Star of India. Stuart Sapphire. Black Star of Queensland. Star of Adam, with a weight of 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g), it is the largest star sapphire in the world. Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire.

  7. American Golden Topaz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Golden_Topaz

    The American Golden Topaz, a 172-faceted topaz weighing 22,892.5 carats (4.57850 kg; 10.0939 lb), is the largest cut yellow topaz in the world, and one of the largest faceted gems of any type in the world. [1] Originating from Minas Gerais, Brazil, it was cut by Leon Agee [2] over a period of two years from an 11.8 kg (26 lb avdp) stream ...

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