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A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
Left to right: tree structure of the term (n⋅(n+1))/2 and n⋅((n+1)/2) Given a set V of variable symbols, a set C of constant symbols and sets F n of n-ary function symbols, also called operator symbols, for each natural number n ≥ 1, the set of (unsorted first-order) terms T is recursively defined to be the smallest set with the following properties: [1]
The gamma function is an important special function in mathematics.Its particular values can be expressed in closed form for integer and half-integer arguments, but no simple expressions are known for the values at rational points in general.
This last expression is defined much more broadly than the original. In the same way that z! is not defined for negative integers, and z‼ is not defined for negative even integers, z! (α) is not defined for negative multiples of α. However, it is defined and satisfies (z+α)! (α) = (z+α)·z! (α) for all other complex numbers z.
This thermometer is indicating a negative Fahrenheit temperature (−4 °F). In mathematics, a negative number is the opposite of a positive real number. [1] Equivalently, a negative number is a real number that is less than zero. Negative numbers are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency.
For example, the table shows that the first pair of vertically adjacent atoms with different ground-state term symbols are V and Nb. The 6 D 1 ⁄ 2 ground state of Nb corresponds to an excited state of V 2112 cm −1 above the 4 F 3 ⁄ 2 ground state of V, which in turn corresponds to an excited state of Nb 1143 cm −1 above the Nb ground ...