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The Song dynasty (/ s ... The civil service system became institutionalized on a small scale during the Sui and Tang dynasties, but by the Song period, ...
One of the fundamental changes in Chinese society from the Tang to the Song dynasty was the transformation of the scholarly elite, which included the scholar-officials and all those who held examination degrees or were candidates of the civil service examinations. The Song scholar-officials and examination candidates were better educated, less ...
During the Song dynasty, a national examination system (Civil Service Exam) managed by scholar-bureaucrats was used to recruit officials; those who passed the palace examination – the highest-level examination in the empire – were appointed directly by the emperor to the highest central government positions. [16]
[13] [14] Song was the only dynasty in Chinese history that provided scholar-officials judicial privilege. Due to the influence of the founding emperor of Song Zhao Kuangyin, almost all Song emperors showed great respect to intellectuals. If a scholar-official from the Song dynasty committed a crime, he couldn't be held accountable directly.
The poetry requirement of the civil service examination (introduced during the earlier Tang dynasty) was scrapped in order to seek out men with more practical experience and knowledge. [ 81 ] An early Yuan dynasty portrait of Su Shi (1037–1101), by Zhao Mengfu 趙孟頫, held at Taipei Palace Museum.
During the Song dynasty it became the "system of Nine ranks and impartial judges." [4] Chen Qun's reform was a way of systematizing the selection of candidates for political appointments in two ways: by creating a common scale of nine ranks to evaluate a person and by appointing Controllers (中正) in the court to grade officials on the scale.
The numbers of jinshi degrees given out were increased in the Song dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song dynasty were jinshi holders. [4] The Ming dynasty resumed the civil-service exam after its occurrence became more irregular in the Yuan dynasty.
Song civil service doubles in size [42] All officials, their sons and grandsons, are relieved from obligations to serve as village officers [42] Đại Cồ Việt raids the Song dynasty [10] 1037: Earthquake kills 12,000 people, injures 5,600, and kills or injures 50,000 cattle around Kaifeng [43] 1038: 10 November