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  2. Ice navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_navigation

    Ice navigation occurs wherever a waterborne vessel transits through sea ice.One of the more common regions for ice navigation is the Baltic Sea, where vessels visiting the Baltic States will make their way through first year ice in the winter months, often with an icebreaker, or with ice reports, charts and data provided by meteorological offices.

  3. International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_for...

    The Code sets out regulations for shipping in the polar regions, principally relating to ice navigation and ship design. The international framework aims to protect the two polar regions — the Arctic (north pole region) and Antarctic (south pole region), from maritime risks. [2] The Code entered into force on 1 January 2017. [2] [3] [4]

  4. Ice navigation vessel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_navigation_vessel

    One of the varieties of ice navigation vessels are double-acting ships. To move through the ice, they use the combined effect of the ice-breaking shape of the ship's stern and the effect of the propellers on the ice. [14] These vessels may have the usual bulbous bow and may be capable of moving in ice only astern. Since ice sailing astern also ...

  5. List of PDF software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PDF_software

    A commercial PDF editor, markup and collaboration product aimed at engineering and architectural markets. Foxit Reader: Freeware: Highlight text, draw lines, measure distances of PDF documents. Foxit PDF Editor Suite: Free trial: Integrated PDF Editing and eSign anywhere. Optionally, ChatGPT+ gDoc Fusion: Proprietary/Shareware

  6. Polar Class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_Class

    The 2012-built South African polar research vessel S. A. Agulhas II is one of the few vessels rated PC 5 or higher.. Polar Class (PC) refers to the ice class assigned to a ship by a classification society based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).

  7. Lead (sea ice) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(sea_ice)

    Unlike polynyas, which tend to occur, and remain, at a given location, leads are transient features that can form anywhere in an ice-covered ocean. [6] Moreover, while the origin of polynyas is linked with either warm air current circulation from the coastline or a warm water upwelling, the driving force behind lead formation is a state of stress, either wind- or current-induced, within the ...

  8. Inuit navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit_navigation

    Celestial navigation is available to Inuit travellers, although the time that navigation technique is available is limited by the variability of night-time through the year and other factors. [3] Cloudy and blizzard conditions and the light of the aurora borealis limit its use. [4] Snow that was kept airborne by the wind, created a type of fog.

  9. Owner's manual - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owner's_manual

    An installation manual or installation guide is a technical communication document intended to instruct people how to install a particular product. An installation manual is usually written by a technical writer or other technical staff. Installation is the act of putting something in place so that it is ready for use. [1]