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Deficiency symptoms in children include developmental delay, regression, irritability, involuntary movements and hypotonia. [34] Vitamin B 12 deficiency is most commonly caused by malabsorption, but can also result from low intake, immune gastritis, low presence of binding proteins, or use of certain medications. [6]
For plants, the uptake and distribution of cobalt is entirely species-specific. [8] In some species of plants, the overaccumulation of cobalt can lead to an iron deficiency . This in turn leads to poor growth of the plant as well as leaf loss which overall decreases the amount of oxygen produced by plants during photosynthesis .
Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partially because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. Elements present at low levels may cause deficiency symptoms, and toxicity is possible at levels that are too high.
Vitamin B12 does also accumulate in a few plant-based sources, including some mushrooms, seaweed, and nutritional yeast, but not enough to fortify vegans, who, in particular, should consider being ...
Cobalt is essential to the metabolism of all animals. It is a key constituent of cobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12, the primary biological reservoir of cobalt as an ultratrace element. [1] [2] Bacteria in the stomachs of ruminant animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B 12, a compound which can only be produced by bacteria or archaea.
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
Silicon is beneficial to most plants, but usually not essential. It seems to have beneficial effects in humans, strengthening bones and connective tissue, but these effects are still being studied. In any case deficiency symptoms do not arise because silicon occurs significantly in food made from plants. [6] Vanadium
Radical Eats. Snack foods, insta-meals, cereals, and drinks tend to come and go, but the ones we remember from childhood seem to stick with us. Children of the 1970s and 1980s had a veritable ...