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Relative polycythemia is not a true increase in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, but rather an elevated laboratory finding caused by reduced blood plasma (hypovolemia, cf. dehydration). Relative polycythemia is often caused by loss of body fluids, such as through burns, dehydration, and stress.
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [ 2 ] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
Hematological values such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts are elevated in patients with myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome. [3]The diagnostic criteria for myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome includes polycythemia, uterine myoma, and return of hemoglobin levels to normal following fibroid excision surgery.
Intrinsically related symptoms such as fever, malaise, pruritus (itching) due to the release of histamine, [5] fatigue, and right upper quadrant pain may be present in the afflicted patient. With some conditions, such as polycythemia vera, erythromelalgia, or burning of the palms and soles, coupled with thrombocytosis is common.
Most individuals with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic.When it induces hemolysis, it is usually is short-lived. [5]Most people who develop symptoms are male, due to the X-linked pattern of inheritance, but female carriers can be affected due to unfavorable lyonization or skewed X-inactivation, where random inactivation of an X-chromosome in certain cells creates a population of G6PD-deficient ...
High platelet counts can occur in patients with polycythemia vera (high red blood cell counts), and is an additional risk factor for complications. [citation needed] A very small number of people report symptoms of erythromelalgia, a burning sensation and redness of the extremities that resolves with cooling, or aspirin or both. [3]
Hyperviscosity syndrome is a group of symptoms triggered by an increase in the viscosity of the blood.Symptoms of high blood viscosity include spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes, visual disturbances due to retinopathy, and neurologic symptoms ranging from headache and vertigo to seizures and coma.
The most common therapies for secondary polycythemia are phlebotomies [9] and, for paraganglioma and/or somatostatinoma in this cohort of patients, surgery accompanied by antihypertensive medication. [1] HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan led to substantial improvement of symptoms in a patient with Pacak–Zhuang syndrome. [10]
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