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Industrially, benzyl chloride is the precursor to benzyl esters, which are used as plasticizers, flavorants, and perfumes. Phenylacetic acid , a precursor to pharmaceuticals, is produced from benzyl cyanide , which in turn is generated by treatment of benzyl chloride with sodium cyanide .
synthesis of benzamide from benzoyl chloride and a phenethylamine; synthesis of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen; acylation of a benzylamine with acetyl chloride (acetic anhydride is an alternative) In the Fischer peptide synthesis (Emil Fischer, 1903), [6] an α-chloro acid chloride is condensed with the ester of an amino acid.
The benzyl alcohol thus formed is quickly converted to the chloride under the reaction conditions. Mechanism of Blanc chloromethylation Other possibilities for the electrophile include (chloromethyl)oxonium cation (ClH 2 C–OH 2 + ) or chlorocarbenium cation (ClCH 2 + ), which may be formed in the presence of zinc chloride. [ 4 ]
In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. Menshutkin-reaction. The reaction is the method of choice for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts. [1]
Bn (benzyl) benzyl chloride, pyridine: acetic anhydride, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, and pyridine: The hydroxyl group in ketal 12 (Scheme 2) was protected as a benzyl ether, which was replaced much later in the synthesis (alcohol 42, Scheme 5) Carbonate ester (cyclic) carbonyl diimidazole, sodium hydride, dimethylformamide: phenyllithium
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines.The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent.
Where the Negishi coupling is rarely used in industrial chemistry, a result of the aforementioned water and oxygen sensitivity, it finds wide use in the field of natural products total synthesis. The increased reactivity relative to other cross-coupling reactions makes the Negishi coupling ideal for joining complex intermediates in the ...
The classic Finkelstein reaction entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or an alkyl bromide to an alkyl iodide by treatment with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. Sodium iodide is soluble in acetone while sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not; [ 3 ] therefore, the reaction is driven toward products by mass action due to the ...