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The Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology states: "One of the oldest sourdough breads dates from 3700 BCE and was excavated in Switzerland, but the origin of sourdough fermentation likely relates to the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and Egypt several thousand years earlier", [3] and "Bread production relied on the use of sourdough as a leavening agent for most of human history; the ...
Lowering the temperature of the dough produces a slower, longer rise with more varied fermentation products, resulting in more complex flavors. In sourdough bread-making, cold decreases the activity of wild yeast relative to the Lactobacilli, [13] which produce flavoring products such as lactic acid and acetic acid. [14]
Starch gelatinization begins at 105 °F (41 °C), [34] the yeast dies at 140 °F (60 °C), [35] and the baking is finished when the product reaches an internal temperature of 208–210 °F (98–99 °C). [21] Cooling: Once the bread is fully baked, it is removed to racks to cool. Bread is sliced once it has cooled to 95–105 °F (35–41 °C).
Making bread in the summertime is a real joy. The warm, humid temperatures help dough rise beautifully. But in winter, it can be a real bear to get the lift you need in a cooler home.
The sourdough fermentation process happens as two naturally-occurring components of flour—yeast and lactobacillus (a type of healthy bacteria)—combine and grow over time.
Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis is a heterofermentative species of lactic acid bacteria which, through the production mainly of lactic and acetic acids, helps give sourdough bread its characteristic taste. It is named after San Francisco, where sourdough was found to contain the variety, though it is dominant in Type I sourdoughs globally.
Compared to a sourdough starter, salt-rising bread starter requires a shorter incubation period of 6–16 hours and a higher incubation temperature, of around 40 °C (104 °F). [4] [7] Salt-rising bread is denser, [8] with a closer grain than yeast-leavened bread, which results in a flatter top. [7]
In 2018 King Arthur's Jeff Yankellow developed the Bread Lab's Approachable Loaf recipe for a commercially-produced loaf that is healthy and tasty and can be priced affordably. [12] [28] The bread is produced commercially by bakeries in multiple states and in several countries; King Arthur sells it in its retail store under the name Just Bread ...