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According to the International Labour Office (ILO), PMF requires the presence of large opacity exceeding 1 cm (by x-ray). By pathology standards, the lesion in histologic section must exceed 2 cm to meet the definition of PMF. [6] In PMF, lesions most commonly occupy the upper lung zone, and are usually bilateral.
The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [4] Bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections are common causes of lung cavities. [5] Globally, tuberculosis is likely the most common infectious cause of lung cavities. [6] Less commonly, parasitic infections can cause cavities. [5] Viral infections almost never cause cavities ...
High-resolution CT image showing ground-glass opacities in the periphery of both lungs in a patient with COVID-19 (red arrows). The adjacent normal lung tissue with lower attenuation appears as darker areas. Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs.
GCCL often presents as a large peripheral mass that is severely cavitated. [33] In a radiographic study of almost 2,000 lung cancer patients published 50 years ago, 3.4% of lung carcinomas proved to be cavitated masses, [34] most of which were squamous cell carcinoma.
Lobar pneumonia is a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space resulting in consolidation that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung. [1] [2] It is one of three anatomic classifications of pneumonia (the other being bronchopneumonia and atypical pneumonia).
Bullae can become extensive and combine to form giant bullae. These can be large enough to take up a third of a hemithorax, compress the lung parenchyma, and cause displacement. The emphysema is now termed giant bullous emphysema, more commonly called vanishing lung syndrome due to the compressed parenchyma. [28]
The most common cause is a perforated abdominal viscus, generally a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma. Pneumatosis intestinalis, air or gas cysts in the bowel wall; Gastric pneumatosis (or gastric emphysema) is air or gas cysts in the stomach wall [6]
The following are causes of BHL: [1] Sarcoidosis [2] Infection Tuberculosis [2] Fungal infection [2] Mycoplasma; Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease) [3] [4] Malignancy Lymphoma [2] Carcinoma; Mediastinal tumors; Inorganic dust disease Silicosis [5] [6] [7] Berylliosis [7] Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Such as bird fancier's lung
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