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Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. [3]
Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS), also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia, [1] or aphasia with convulsive disorder, is a rare neurological syndrome that develops during childhood. [2] It is named after William Landau and Frank Kleffner, who characterized it in 1957 with a diagnosis of six children. [3] [4]
"Aphasia resulting from acquired brain injury will be diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist or physician," Bello says, noting, "Anyone who is experiencing changes in their ability to use ...
With improvements, children with apraxia may be transitioned into group therapy settings. Therapeutic exercises must focus on planning, sequencing, and coordinating the muscle movements involved in speech production. Children with developmental verbal dyspraxia must practice the strategies and techniques that they learn to improve.
Neurological damage due to stroke may cause loss or impairment of speech, termed aphasia. Neurological damage or problems with development of the area of the brain involved in speech production, Broca's area, may cause muteness. [9] Trauma or injury to Broca's area, located in the left inferior frontal cortex of the brain, can cause muteness. [10]
Progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) is one of three clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. PNFA has an insidious onset of language deficits over time as opposed to other stroke-based aphasias, which occur acutely following trauma to the brain.
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]
Although disorders such as expressive aphasia, conduction aphasia, and dysarthria involve similar symptoms as apraxia of speech, the disorders must be distinguished in order to correctly treat the patients. [citation needed] While AOS involves the motor planning or processing stage of speech, aphasic disorders can involve other language processes.
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