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Calomel is a powder that is white when pure, and it has been used as a pigment in painting in 17th century South Americas art and in European medieval manuscripts. [14] When it is exposed to light or contains impurities it takes on a darker tint. [7] Calomel is made up of mercury and chlorine with the chemical formula Hg 2 Cl 2. Depending on ...
The name calomel is thought to come from the Greek καλός "beautiful", and μέλας "black"; or καλός and μέλι "honey" from its sweet taste. [4] The "black" name (somewhat surprising for a white compound) is probably due to its characteristic disproportionation reaction with ammonia, which gives a spectacular black coloration due to the finely dispersed metallic mercury formed.
The saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is a reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury(I) chloride. It has been widely replaced by the silver chloride electrode , however the calomel electrode has a reputation of being more robust.
They distinguished themselves from "regular" doctors of the time who used calomel and bloodletting, and led to a brief renewal of the empirical method in herbal medicine. [44] Samuel Thomson (1769-1843) was a self educated New England farm boy who developed a very popular herbal medical system. [45]
Caramel (/ ˈ k ær ə m ɛ l / or / ˈ k ɑːr m əl / [1] [2]) is a confectionery product made by heating a range of sugars.It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, or as a topping for ice cream and custard.
Andrew Plummer FRCP (1697–1756) was a Scottish physician and chemist. He was professor of chemistry at the University of Edinburgh from 1726 to 1755. He developed ideas on the attractive and repulsive forces involved in chemical affinity, which later had influence on his successors William Cullen and Joseph Black. [1]
Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German:, Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786 [2]) was a German Swedish [3] pharmaceutical chemist.. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others.
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɔstˌvalt] ⓘ; 2 September [O.S. 21 August] 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a German chemist and philosopher.Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst and Svante Arrhenius. [1]