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There are many suspected causes of tonsillar herniation including: decreased or malformed posterior fossa (the lower, back part of the skull) not providing enough room for the cerebellum; hydrocephalus or abnormal CSF volume pushing the tonsils out; or dural tension pulling the brain caudally.
Elongation of the cerebellar tonsils can, due to pressure, lead to this portion of the cerebellum to slip or be pushed through the foramen magnum of the skull resulting in tonsillar herniation. This is a life-threatening condition as it causes increased pressure on the medulla oblongata which contains respiratory and cardiac control centres.
Herniation of cerebellar tonsils. [4] [38] [39] Tonsillar ectopia below the foramen magnum, with greater than 5 mm below as the most commonly cited cutoff value for abnormal position (although this is considered somewhat controversial). [27] [28] [40] [41] Syringomyelia of cervical or cervicothoracic spinal cord can be seen. Sometimes the ...
Arnold–Chiari malformation is a condition where the cerebellar tonsils have descended, and should be considered in differential diagnosis of sCSFLS. Several complications can occur as a result of sCSFLS including decreased cranial pressure, brain herniation, infection, blood pressure problems, transient paralysis, and coma.
Types of brain herniation [21] 1) Uncal 2) Central - The brainstem herniates caudally. 3) Cingulate herniation - The brain squeezes under the falx cerebri. 4) Transcalvarial herniation - through a skull fracture 5) Upward herniation of the cerebellum 6) Tonsillar herniation - the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum.
Such cerebellar tonsil herniation may occur in up to 70% of children with M-CM. [citation needed] The medical literature suggests that there is a risk of cardiac arrhythmias in early childhood. [8] [9] The cause for this is unknown. In addition, a variety of different congenital cardiac malformations have been reported in a small number of ...
It was previously thought that Chiari I Malformation was a result of a congenital defect but new studies have shown that overdrainage of Cysto-peritoneal shunts used to treat arachnoid cysts can lead to the development of posterior fossa overcrowding and tonsillar herniation, the latter of which is the classic definition of Chiari Malformation ...
This is called herniation and will often cause an enlarged pupil on the affected side, due to pressure on the oculomotor nerve. Tentorial herniation is a serious symptom, especially since the brainstem is likely to be compressed as well if the intracranial pressure rises further. A common type of herniation is uncal herniation.