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2. Literal (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_(mathematical_logic)

   In mathematical logic, a literal is an atomic formula (also known as an atom or prime formula) or its negation. [1] [2] The definition mostly appears in proof theory (of classical logic), e.g. in conjunctive normal form and the method of resolution. Literals can be divided into two types: [2] A positive literal is just an atom (e.g., ).

3. Coefficient - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient

   A constant coefficient, also known as constant term or simply constant, is a quantity either implicitly attached to the zeroth power of a variable or not attached to other variables in an expression; for example, the constant coefficients of the expressions above are the number 3 and the parameter c, involved in 3=c ⋅ x 0. The coefficient ...

4. Indeterminate (variable) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate_(variable)

   Two such formal polynomials are considered equal whenever their coefficients are the same. Sometimes these two concepts of equality disagree. Some authors reserve the word variable to mean an unknown or changing quantity, and strictly distinguish the concepts of variable and indeterminate. Other authors indiscriminately use the name variable ...

5. Variable (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol, typically a letter, that refers to an unspecified mathematical object. [1] [2] [3] One says colloquially that the variable represents or denotes the object, and that any valid candidate for the object is the value of the variable. The values a variable can take are ...

6. Algebra - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra

   Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.

7. Algebraic expression - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_expression

   In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from constants (usually, algebraic numbers) variables, and the basic algebraic operations: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (×), division (÷), whole number powers, and roots (fractional powers).

8. Formal calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_calculation

   More generally, formal power series can include series with any finite (or countable) number of variables, and with coefficients in an arbitrary ring. Rings of formal power series are complete local rings, which supports calculus-like methods in the purely algebraic framework of algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. They are analogous to ...

9. Mathematical logic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic

   Concerns that mathematics had not been built on a proper foundation led to the development of axiomatic systems for fundamental areas of mathematics such as arithmetic, analysis, and geometry. In logic, the term arithmetic refers to the theory of the natural numbers .