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2. Literal (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_(mathematical_logic)

   In mathematical logic, a literal is an atomic formula (also known as an atom or prime formula) or its negation. [1] [2] The definition mostly appears in proof theory (of classical logic), e.g. in conjunctive normal form and the method of resolution. Literals can be divided into two types: [2] A positive literal is just an atom (e.g., ).

3. Coefficient - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient

   A constant coefficient, also known as constant term or simply constant, is a quantity either implicitly attached to the zeroth power of a variable or not attached to other variables in an expression; for example, the constant coefficients of the expressions above are the number 3 and the parameter c, involved in 3=c ⋅ x 0. The coefficient ...

4. Propositional variable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_variable

   In mathematical logic, a propositional variable (also called a sentence letter, [1] sentential variable, or sentential letter) is an input variable (that can either be true or false) of a truth function. Propositional variables are the basic building-blocks of propositional formulas, used in propositional logic and higher-order logics.

5. Formal calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_calculation

   In a formal power series, the powers of the variable are used only as position-holders for the coefficients, so that the coefficient of is the fifth term in the sequence. In combinatorics, the method of generating functions uses formal power series to represent numerical sequences and multisets, for instance allowing concise expressions for ...

6. Indeterminate (variable) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate_(variable)

   Two such formal polynomials are considered equal whenever their coefficients are the same. Sometimes these two concepts of equality disagree. Some authors reserve the word variable to mean an unknown or changing quantity, and strictly distinguish the concepts of variable and indeterminate. Other authors indiscriminately use the name variable ...

7. Variable (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)

   In the context of functions, the term variable refers commonly to the arguments of the functions. This is typically the case in sentences like "function of a real variable", "x is the variable of the function f : x ↦ f(x)", "f is a function of the variable x" (meaning that the argument of the function is referred to by the variable x).

8. Algebraic operation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_operation

   Multiplication symbols are usually omitted, and implied, when there is no operator between two variables or terms, or when a coefficient is used. For example, 3 × x 2 is written as 3x 2, and 2 × x × y is written as 2xy. [5] Sometimes, multiplication symbols are replaced with either a dot or center-dot, so that x × y is written as either x ...

9. First-order logic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

   A theory about a topic, such as set theory, a theory for groups, [3] or a formal theory of arithmetic, is usually a first-order logic together with a specified domain of discourse (over which the quantified variables range), finitely many functions from that domain to itself, finitely many predicates defined on that domain, and a set of axioms ...