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The BMW E31 is the first generation of the BMW 8 Series.It is a grand tourer built by BMW from 1990 to 1999 as a 2-door coupé, powered by either a V8 or V12 engine. Whilst it did supplant the original E24 based 6 Series in 1990, it was not a direct successor, but a new model class with a substantially higher price and performance than the 6 Series.
The 8 Series Gran Coupe is manufactured by BMW Thailand as one of the first BMW products to be produced by BMW. [6] The M8 Competition Type A12/2M was launched in Pakistan in 2019, one year after its launch in India. [8] As of 2019, the second generation of the BMW 8 Series was also the first generation of the 8 Series to be sold in Bangladesh. [9]
The wheelbase of the Gran Coupe is 201 mm (7.9 in) longer than the coupe and convertible models. [13] The 8 Series utilises a double-wishbone front suspension and rear multi-link suspension. [19] The car uses BMW's Carbon Core technology, integrating carbon-fibre within its chassis. [20]
An inboard brake is an automobile technology wherein the disc brakes are mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, rather than directly on the wheel hubs. Its main advantages are twofold: a reduction in the unsprung weight of the wheel hubs, as this no longer includes the brake discs and calipers; and braking torque is applied directly to the chassis, rather than being transferred to it through ...
The BMW M Coupe was chosen as one of "Hammond's Icons" by Top Gear in 2011. [28] Jalopnik's included the M Coupe in their "Best 10 Cars of the Decade" feature. [29] Top Gear (Magazine) featured the M Coupe as one of "the 149 Coolest Cars Ever" in a supplement included with the October 2015 issue (#274).
The brake balance or brake bias of a vehicle is the distribution of brake force at the front and rear tires, and may be given as the percentage distributed to the front brakes (e.g. 52%) [1] or as the ratio of front and rear percentages (e.g. 52/48). [2]
A brake wear indicator is used to warn the operator of a vehicle that the brake pad is in need of replacement. The main area of use for this is on motor vehicles with more than three wheels. However brake wear indicators are also useful for brake pads in industrial applications, including wind turbines and cranes. [1] [2]
The type of brake system in use only affects trucks and large mass vehicles, which cannot supply enough force to match the static frictional force. [1] [Note 2] The braking distance is one of two principal components of the total stopping distance. The other component is the reaction distance, which is the product of the speed and the ...