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Biliary reflux, also called bile reflux, duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) or duodenogastric reflux, is a condition that occurs when bile and/or other contents like bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes flow upward (refluxes) from the duodenum into the stomach and esophagus.
It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption. It can result from malabsorption secondary to gastrointestinal disease, or be a primary disorder, associated with excessive bile acid production. Treatment with bile acid sequestrants is often effective ...
The Saint Marys Campus houses the 148-bed Mayo Eugenio Litta Children's Hospital, offering multidisciplinary pediatric and adolescent care to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21. [ 13 ] [ 2 ] Mayo Clinic Children's Center includes providers from over 40 medical and surgical specialties.
Stomach acid, bile and, if the vomiting is severe, blood may be vomited. Some with the condition will ingest water to reduce the irritation of bile and acid on the esophagus during emesis. Between episodes, the affected individual is usually normal and healthy otherwise but can be in a weak state of fatigue or experience muscle pain. In ...
Toggle Treatment subsection. 4.1 Medical therapies. 5 ... Vanishing bile duct syndrome is a loose collection of diseases leading to hepatic bile duct injury and ...
Secondary extra-hepatic disorders involve organs excluding the liver. When a tumour develops at the pancreas head or bile duct, the common bile duct is compressed, opposing bile flow, eventually leading to hyperbilirubinemia. [4] Gallbladder carcinoma displays enlarged liver with Courvoisier's sign, a mass in the liver's right-upper quadrant. [27]
Bile salt diarrhea can also be a side-effect of gallbladder removal. [1] Bile acid sequestrants are the principal therapy for bile acid-induced diarrhea. [7] [1] Cholestyramine, colestipol and colesevelam have all been used. Doses may not need to be as high as those previously used for hyperlipidemia.
Treatment is usually with laparoscopic gallbladder removal, within 24 hours if possible. [7] [10] Taking pictures of the bile ducts during the surgery is recommended. [7] The routine use of antibiotics is controversial. [5] [11] They are recommended if surgery cannot occur in a timely manner or if the case is complicated. [5]