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Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. This can be achieved through a variety of formulations, including liposomes and drug-polymer conjugates (an example being ...
Methylene blue (methylthioninium chloride), the antidote indicated for drug-induced methemoglobinemia on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, among a plethora of other off-label uses, is a highly potent, reversible MAO inhibitor. [53] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these MAOIs to treat depression: [54]
[1] Sometimes drugs cannot be compared across a wide range of treatment situations because one drug has a ceiling effect. [citation needed] Sometimes the desired effect increases with dose, but side effects worsen or start being dangerous, and risk to benefit ratio increases. This is because of occupation of all the receptors in a given specimen.
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [1] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life.
Withdrawal of anti-hypertensive drugs in older people The latest evidence does not have evidence of an effect due to discontinuing vs continuing medications used for treating elevated blood pressure or prevention of heart disease in older adults on all-case mortality and incidence of heart attack. [ 8 ]
Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction. [4] The process of tolerance development is reversible (e.g., through a drug holiday [5]) and can involve both physiological factors and psychological factors. [6] One may also develop drug tolerance to side effects, [7] in which case ...
Therapy with combination of two or more drugs which have various binding sites and/or different mechanism of action but have non overlapping adverse effects. This would allow use of drugs in low concentration what reduce strength of side effects associated with high doses of anticancer agents.
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression. [11] [12] Its effects may take up to four weeks but can also manifest as early as one to two weeks.