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A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000cm of real space, which is 500 meters) A bar scale with the nominal scale expressed as "1:600 000", meaning 1 cm on the map corresponds to 600,000 cm=6 km on the ground.
The scale of a map projection must be interpreted as a nominal scale. (The usage large and small in relation to map scales relates to their expressions as fractions. The fraction 1/10,000 used for a local map is much larger than the 1/100,000,000 used for a global map. There is no fixed dividing line between small and large scales.)
The vertical exaggeration is given by: = where VS is the vertical scale and HS is the horizontal scale, both given as representative fractions.. For example, if 1 centimetre (0.39 in) vertically represents 200 metres (660 ft) and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) horizontally represents 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), the vertical exaggeration, 20×, is given by:
1:20 Interior spaces and furniture; 1:50 Interior spaces, detailed floor plans, and different floor levels; 1:100 Building plans and layouts; 1:200 Building plans and layouts; 1:500 Building layouts or site plans; 1:1000 Urban scale for site or location plans; 1:1250 Site plans; 1:2500 Site plans and city maps; 1:5000 City maps/Island
In most European countries, the largest scale topographic map series is a 1:25.000 scale series. Notable exceptions are Austria (1:50,000) and Finland (1:20,000). Many non-European states limit the largest scale of their map series, usually to 1:50,000 scale, frequently due to the large size of the country covered (and hence for financial reasons).
22. The map is ready for export. Go to the PrinterPlugIn (File -> Print -> As Map To Printer, Image, PDF (Cadplan) or the Printer icon from the top menu bar). Set the scale to 1 : 4 000 000. Add the "Furniture" (North arrow and map scale). In the map scale menu set the Value Scale to 1000. Go to Save Image and save the map as PDF.
The scale: parameter specifies the desired map scale as 1:N, overriding the scale implied by any type: parameter. GeoHack uses scale: to select a map scale for a 72 dpi computer monitor. If no dim:, type:, or scale: parameters are provided, GeoHack uses its default scale of 1:300,000.
The meaning here - typically used in the U.S. - refers to the approximate distance on the map to 1 mile on the ground. Thus a representative fraction map with a scale of 1:63,360 is a "one-inch map" in common parlance (in practice this also includes the later scale of 1:62,500 used by the USGS in their older 15' topo series maps).