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Apart from 91 Y, 87 Y, and 90 Y, with half-lives of 58.51 days, 79.8 hours, and 64 hours, respectively; all other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day and most of less than an hour. [ 30 ] Yttrium isotopes with mass numbers at or below 88 decay mainly by positron emission (proton → neutron) to form strontium ( Z = 38) isotopes. [ 30 ]
Natural yttrium (39 Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are 88 Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and 91 Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87 Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90 Y, with 64 hours.
Compatibility is a term used by geochemists to describe how elements partition themselves in the solid and melt within Earth's mantle.In geochemistry, compatibility is a measure of how readily a particular trace element substitutes for a major element within a mineral.
Mineral resource estimation is used to determine and define the ore tonnage and grade of a geological deposit, from the developed block model.There are different estimation methods used for different scenarios dependent upon the ore boundaries, geological deposit geometry, grade variability and the amount of time and money available.
Iron ore (banded iron formation) Manganese ore – psilomelane (size: 6.7 × 5.8 × 5.1 cm) Lead ore – galena and anglesite (size: 4.8 × 4.0 × 3.0 cm). Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically including metals, concentrated above background levels, and that is economically viable to mine and process.
Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements.. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [1]
Bauxite (aluminium ore) Beckerite (natural resin) Bentonite (mixture of montmorillonite and other clays) Bixbite (red gem variety of beryl) Bowenite (variety of antigorite) Brammallite (variety of illite) Brokenhillite (not approved by IMA) Buergerite (renamed to fluor-buergerite) Bursaite (not approved by IMA) Bytownite (variety of anorthite)
There are several classification systems for the economic evaluation of mineral deposits worldwide. The most commonly used schemes base on the International Reporting Template, [1] developed by the CRIRSCO – Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards, like the Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee – JORC Code 2012, [2] the Pan-European Reserves & Resources Reporting ...