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Rafter and tie-beam joints (Carpentry and Joinery, 1925) Coyau or sprocket. Labeled A Labeled A A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members such as steel beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate , downslope perimeter or eave , and that are designed to support the roof shingles , roof deck, roof covering and its ...
Key: 1: principal rafters, 2: collar beam, 3: arch braces. Lacking a tie beam, [11] the arch-braced (arched brace) [12] truss gives a more open look to the interior of the roof. The principal rafters are linked by a collar beam supported by a pair of arch braces, which stiffen the structure and help to transmit the weight of the roof down ...
A lack of rafter ties is a serious structural issue in a conventionally-framed roof. The 15th-century tie-beam roof at St Mary's Church, Radnage, Buckinghamshire in England. A wooden beam serving this purpose is known as a tie-beam, and a roof incorporating tie-beams is known as a tie-beam roof. [10]
A hammer-beam is a form of timber roof truss, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber.In place of a normal tie beam spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam.
The simplest form of roof framing is a common rafter roof. This roof framing has nothing but rafters and a tie beam at the bottoms of the rafters. The next step in the development of roof framing was to add a collar, called a collar beam roof. Collar beam roofs are suitable for spans up to around (4.5 meters). [5]
By supporting the rafters they allow longer spans than the rafters alone could span, thus allowing a wider building. Purlin plates are very commonly found in large old barns in North America. A crown plate has similarities to a purlin plate but supports collar beams in the middle of a timber-framed building.
The top ends of the rafters often meet at a ridge beam, but may butt directly to another rafter to form a pair of rafters called a couple. Depending on the roof covering material, either horizontal laths , battens , or purlins are fixed to the rafters; or boards, plywood , or oriented strand board form the roof deck (also called the sheeting or ...
A full cruck does not need a tie beam. Base cruck: tops of the blades are truncated by the first transverse member such as by a tie beam. Raised cruck: blades land on masonry wall, and extend to the ridge. Middle cruck: blades land on masonry wall, and are truncated by a collar. Upper cruck: blades land on a tie beam, similar to knee rafters.
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