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  2. Isoelectric point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric_point

    The pI value can affect the solubility of a molecule at a given pH. Such molecules have minimum solubility in water or salt solutions at the pH that corresponds to their pI and often precipitate out of solution. Biological amphoteric molecules such as proteins contain both acidic and basic functional groups. Amino acids that make up proteins ...

  3. Protein pKa calculations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_pKa_calculations

    FDPB-based methods calculate the change in the pK a value of an amino acid side chain when that side chain is moved from a hypothetical fully solvated state to its position in the protein. To perform such a calculation, one needs theoretical methods that can calculate the effect of the protein interior on a p K a value, and knowledge of the pKa ...

  4. Isoelectric focusing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric_focusing

    Isoelectric focusing can resolve proteins that differ in pI value by as little as 0.01. [4] Isoelectric focusing is the first step in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins are first separated by their pI value and then further separated by molecular weight through SDS-PAGE.

  5. Hydrophobicity scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobicity_scales

    When consecutively measuring amino acids of a protein, changes in value indicate attraction of specific protein regions towards the hydrophobic region inside lipid bilayer. The hydrophobic or hydrophilic character of a compound or amino acid is its hydropathic character, [ 1 ] hydropathicity, or hydropathy.

  6. Isoionic point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoionic_point

    It was first defined by S.P.L. Sørensen, Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang and Ellen Lund in 1926 [1] and is mainly a term used in protein sciences. It is different from the isoelectric point (pI) in that pI is the pH value at which the net charge of the molecule, including bound ions is zero. Whereas the isoionic point is at net charge zero in a ...

  7. A New Formula for Pi Is Here. And It’s Pushing Scientific ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/formula-pi-pushing...

    The digits of pi extend into infinity, and pi is itself an irrational number, meaning it can’t be truly represented by an integer fraction (the one we often learn in school, 22/7, is not very ...

  8. Phi value analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_value_analysis

    Phi value analysis assumes Hammond's postulate, which states that energy and chemical structure are correlated.Though the relationship between the folding intermediate and native state's structures may correlate that between their energies when the energy landscape has a well-defined, deep global minimum, free energy destabilizations may not give useful structural information when the energy ...

  9. Predicted Aligned Error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicted_Aligned_Error

    Interpretation of PAE values allows scientists to understand the level of confidence in the predicted structure of a protein: Lower PAE values between residue pairs from different domains indicate that the model predicts well-defined relative positions and orientations for those domains.