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The conifers are an ancient group, with a fossil record extending back about 300 million years to the Paleozoic in the late Carboniferous period; even many of the modern genera are recognizable from fossils 60–120 million years old.
Voltziales is an extinct order of conifers.The group contains the ancestral lineages from which modern conifer groups emerged. Voltzialean conifers are divided into two informal groups, the primitive "walchian conifers" like Walchia, where the ovuliferous cone is composed of radial shoots and the more advanced "voltzian voltziales", also known as "transitional conifers" where the cone is ...
Xenoxylon latiporosum is a fossil conifer, first described as Pinites latiporosus in 1868 by Carl Eduard Cramer, [1] [2] but this wood fossil species was transferred in 1905 to the newly described extinct plant fossil genus, Xenoxylon, by Walther Gothan.
Archaeopteris is a member of a group of free-sporing woody plants called the progymnosperms that are interpreted as distant ancestors of the gymnosperms. Archaeopteris reproduced by releasing spores rather than by producing seeds, but some of the species, such as Archaeopteris halliana were heterosporous, producing two types of spores.
People first uncovered fossils around San Pedro High School in 1936. They were ancient shells belonging to snails and other mollusks from tens of thousands of years ago.
Plant fossils are rare in the upper part of the Chinle Formation, which was presumably much drier than the lower part. In these later layers, by far the most common plant fossils belong to Sanmiguelia (an endemic of southwestern North America) alongside conifers and horsetails. [110] [111]
Agathoxylon (also known by the synonyms Dadoxylon and Araucarioxylon [3]) is a form genus of fossil wood, including massive tree trunks.Although identified from the late Palaeozoic to the end of the Mesozoic, [4] Agathoxylon is common from the Carboniferous to Triassic. [5]
Cordaites is a genus of extinct gymnosperms, related to or actually representing the earliest conifers. These trees grew up to 100 feet (30 m) tall and stood in dry areas as well as wetlands. These trees grew up to 100 feet (30 m) tall and stood in dry areas as well as wetlands.