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Common indicators include a state whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline. [1]
A fragile state or weak state is a country characterized by weak state capacity or weak state legitimacy leaving citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks. The World Bank, for example, deems a country to be ‘fragile’ if it (a) is eligible for assistance (i.e., a grant) from the International Development Association (IDA), (b) has had a UN peacekeeping mission in the last three years, and (c ...
In language, the status of an item (usually through what is known as "downranking" or "rank-shifting") in relation to the uppermost rank in a clause; for example, in the sentence "I want to eat the cake you made today", "eat" is on the uppermost rank, but "made" is downranked as part of the nominal group "the cake you made today"; this nominal ...
Many rank Lincoln's successor Andrew Johnson last for blocking civil rights for freed slaves and undermining Reconstruction. Donald Trump 's first presidency has consistently polled among the bottom four and twice in last place due to breaking longstanding norms such as the peaceful transfer of power , an American precedent not broken since ...
The Henley Passport index ranks passports according to the number of destinations that can be reached using a particular country's ordinary passport without the need of a prior visa ("visa-free"). [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The survey ranks 199 passports against 227 destination [ 12 ] countries , territories , and micro-states .
In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted.. For example, the ranks of the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are 2, 3, 1, 4.
An alternative name for the Spearman rank correlation is the “grade correlation”; [9] in this, the “rank” of an observation is replaced by the “grade”. In continuous distributions, the grade of an observation is, by convention, always one half less than the rank, and hence the grade and rank correlations are the same in this case.
A rank or rank level of a graded poset is the subset of all the elements of the poset that have a given rank value. [1 ... ordered by the weak or strong Bruhat order, ...