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  2. Duplicating machines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplicating_machines

    The spirit duplicator invented in 1923 and sold by Ditto, Inc., used two-ply "spirit masters" or "ditto masters". The top sheet could be typed, drawn, or written upon.

  3. Spirit duplicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_duplicator

    A spirit duplicator (also referred to as a Rexograph or Ditto machine in North America, Banda machine or Fordigraph machine in the U.K. and Australia) is a printing method invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld that was commonly used for much of the rest of the 20th century. The term "spirit duplicator" refers to the alcohols that were a major ...

  4. Polygraph (duplicating device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraph_(duplicating_device)

    Reproduction of Jefferson's polygraph at the Smithsonian Institution One of the polygraphs used by Thomas Jefferson, a portable version. A Polygraph is a duplicating device that produces a copy of a piece of writing simultaneously with the creation of the original, using pens and ink.

  5. Mimeograph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimeograph

    Unlike spirit duplicators (where the only ink available is depleted from the master image), mimeograph technology works by forcing a replenishable supply of ink through the stencil master. In theory, the mimeography process could be continued indefinitely, especially if a durable stencil master were used (e.g. a thin metal foil).

  6. David Gestetner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gestetner

    David Gestetner (31 March 1854 – 8 March 1939) was the inventor of the Gestetner stencil duplicator, the first piece of office equipment that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively. He also invented a new kind of nail clipper. Gestetner was awarded the John Scott Medal by The Franklin Institute in 1888.

  7. A. B. Dick Company - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._B._Dick_Company

    In 1988, the company acquired Itek Graphix, a leading manufacturer of plate-makers for duplicators (small format offset presses). By the late 1990s, A. B. Dick was a division of the Nesco company of Cleveland. [2] The company filed for bankruptcy in 2004, and its assets were acquired by Presstek, a manufacturer of prepress products. [8]

  8. Gestetner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestetner

    The Gestetner Cyclograph was a stencil-method duplicator that used a thin sheet of paper coated with wax (originally kite paper was used), which was written upon with a special stylus that left a broken line through the stencil, removing the paper's wax coating. Ink was forced through the stencil (originally by an ink roller), and it left its ...

  9. List of duplicating processes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_duplicating_processes

    Electric pen, invented by Thomas Edison; Trypograph (also file plate process) Cyclostyle, Neostyle; Stencil-based machines Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner) Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner) Typewriter-based copying methods Carbon paper; Blueprint typewriter ribbon; Carbonless copy paper; Photographic ...