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In 1904 a tungsten filament was invented by Austro-Hungarians Alexander Just and Franjo Hanaman, [4] and was more efficient and longer-lasting than the carbonized bamboo filament used previously. [5] The introduction of a neutral gas to the glass envelope (or bulb) also helped to improve the lifespan and brightness of the bulb. [5]
The bulb was made by hand, using a carbon filament (of greater thickness and strength than the tungsten filaments used in most modern lightbulbs) along with brass and glass components of high quality. The low wattage (originally 60 watts, now approximately four) and high nitrogen atmosphere inside the bulb have also contributed to its longevity.
The filament in a tungsten light bulb is not easy to break when the bulb is cold, but filaments are more vulnerable when they are hot because the incandescent metal is less rigid. An impact on the outside of the bulb may cause the filament to break or experience a surge in electric current that causes part of it to melt or vaporize.
The Palace Theater Light, also known as the Eternal Light, [1] is an incandescent light bulb recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as being the second oldest continuously operating light bulb in the world behind the Centennial Light. It is kept at the Stockyards Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.
The filament starts as a wire 20 inches long and about two-thousandth of an inch in diameter. Think of the Sear Tower shrunk to about one and a half inches wide. The filament's then wound into a coil with 1130 turns until it's a bit over three inches long, and then coiled again to the three-quarters of an inch that you see in the bulb.
Nernst lamps did not use a glowing tungsten filament. Instead, they used a ceramic rod that was heated to incandescence.Because the rod (unlike tungsten wire) would not further oxidize when exposed to air, there was no need to enclose it within a vacuum or noble gas environment; the burners in Nernst lamps could operate exposed to the air and were only enclosed in glass to isolate the hot ...
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