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The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide. [3] [4] The genus name Apis is Latin for 'bee', and mellifera is the Latin for 'honey-bearing' or 'honey-carrying', referring to the species' production of honey.
No crops originating in the New World depend on the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) at all, as the bee is an invasive species brought over with colonists in the last few centuries. [48] Tomatoes, peppers, squash, and all other New World crops evolved with native pollinators such as squash bees, bumble bees, and other native bees.
The Apis mellifera mellifera (commonly known as the European dark bee) is a subspecies of the western honey bee, evolving in central Asia, with a proposed origin of the Tien Shan Mountains [3] and later migrating into eastern and then northern Europe after the last ice age from 9,000BC onwards.
The Italian honey bee is endemic to the continental part of Italy, south of the Alps, and north of Sicily, where it survived the last ice age. [1] On Sicily the subspecies is Apis mellifera siciliana.
The Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica, Pollmann) is a subspecies of the European honey bee. The Carniolan honey bee is native to Slovenia, southern Austria, and parts of Albania, [1] Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, parts of Serbia, [2] Hungary, parts of Romania [3] and North-East Italy. [4]
Apis fasciata (Latreille 1804) (outdated) [1] Lamarck's honey bee or the Egyptian honey bee , Apis mellifera lamarckii , is a subspecies of honey bee occurring in a narrow range along the Egyptian Nile Valley of Egypt and Sudan , named after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and is considered the first honey bee domesticated, before 2600BC.
Apis mellifera, the western honey bee, has many subspecies. The most recent taxonomic revision in 1999 recognized 28 subspecies [1] and three additional subspecies have been described since then (Apis mellifera pomonella in 2003, Apis mellifera simensis in 2011, and Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan in 2016; see below). Other sources recognize as ...
The Caucasian honey bee was a subspecies that came to have enduring interest to U.S. beekeepers. Frank Benton (1852–1919) visited Georgia in 1905 and supported the import of honeybees to the United States. [8] The Russian revolution and consequent annexation of Georgia by the Red Army in 1921 halted the export of Caucasian honey bees.