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The chemical complexity of coffee is emerging, especially due to observed physiological effects which cannot be related only to the presence of caffeine. Moreover, coffee contains an exceptionally substantial amount of antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeine and Maillard reaction products, such as melanoidins. [3]
Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst.
Examples of activated aromatic rings are toluene, aniline and phenol. The extra electron density delivered into the ring by the substituent is not distributed evenly over the entire ring but is concentrated on atoms 2, 4 and 6, so activating substituents are also ortho/para directors (see below).
“However, the past 25 years have yielded better-quality data and expanded our understanding of coffee’s impact on health,” says Shahzadi Devje, RD, a certified diabetes educator in Toronto ...
5 proven brain benefits of drinking coffee. ... A large-scale study involving over 400,000 older adults found that men who drank 2 cups of coffee a day lived 10% longer than their coffee-free ...
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging.
We're only two weeks into the new year, but 2025 has already been a great year for coffee lovers. On January 3, Food & Wine reported on a new study out of Portugal, showcasing that regularly ...
Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer. [1] [2] Other basic (as opposed to acidic) chemicals can be used in place of sodium carbonate; however, sodium carbonate is the most common. [1]