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Audience theory offers explanations of how people encounter media, how they use it, and how it affects them. Although the concept of an audience predates modern media, [ 1 ] most audience theory is concerned with people’s relationship to various forms of media.
The audience design framework distinguishes between several kinds of audience types based on three criteria from the perspective of the speaker: known (whether an addressee is known to be part of a speech context), ratified (the speaker acknowledges the listener's presence in the speech context), or addressed (the listener is directly spoken to).
This can either be an individual or a bigger audience, as in the case of mass communication. The effect is the outcome of the communication, for example, that the audience was persuaded to accept the point of view expressed in the message. It can include effects that were not intended by the sender.
[6] [26] Schramm rejects the idea of a passive audience present in linear models of communication. He argues instead that the audience should be understood as a full partner. [27] Feedback is a vital aspect of many forms of communication. It can be used to confirm that the message was received and to mitigate the influence of noise.
The audience motivations they were able to identify helped lay the groundwork for their research in 1972 and eventually uses and gratifications theory. [16] McQuail, Blumler and Joseph Brown suggested that the uses of different types of media could be grouped into 4 categories: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, surveillance ...
Audience can be active (constantly filtering or resisting content) or passive (complying and vulnerable). Audience analysis emphasizes the diversity of responses to a given popular culture artifact by examining as directly as possible how given audiences actually understand and use popular culture texts.
An audience in Tel Aviv, Israel, waiting to see the Batsheva Dance Company Audiences at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia. An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or ...
Audience fragmentation describes the extent to which audiences are distributed across media offerings. Traditional outlets, such as broadcast networks , have long feared that technological and regulatory changes would increase competition and erode their audiences.