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Al-Idrisi hailed from the Hammudid dynasty of North Africa and Al-Andalus, which was descended from Muhammad through the powerful Idrisid dynasty. [1] [2] Al-Idrisi was believed to be born the city of Ceuta in 1100, at the time controlled by the Almoravids, where his great-grandfather had been forced to settle after the fall of Hammudid Málaga to the Zirids of Granada. [3]
Notable features include the correct dual sources of the Nile, the coast of Ghana and mentions of Norway. Climate zones were a chief organizational principle. A second and shortened copy from 1192 called Garden of Joys is known by scholars as the Little Idrisi. [24] On the work of al-Idrisi, S. P. Scott commented: [23]
Al-Idrisi's work was a significant departure from the "Atlas of Islam" tradition that preceded his work. [6] Al-Idrisi also derived map-making methods from the Balkhi school of Geography, a school which was founded during the 10th century in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate. [7]
The Idrisid dynasty or Idrisids (Arabic: الأدارسة al-Adārisah) were an Arab Muslim dynasty from 788 to 974, ruling most of present-day Morocco and parts of present-day western Algeria. Named after the founder, Idris I , the Idrisids were an Alid dynasty descended from Muhammad through his grandson Hasan .
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Muhammad al-Idrisi (Dreses, 1100 – c.1165) – who drew the Tabula Rogeriana, the most accurate world map in pre-modern times. [ 6 ] Piri Reis (1465 – c.1554) – whose Piri Reis map is the oldest surviving world map to include the Americas and possibly Antarctica
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Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography [28] Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science [29] Zakariya al-Qazwini (1204-1283), geographer, cozmographer, physicist and mathematician. He explained the formation of mountains and collected the latitude, longitude and climate of 700 cities together with their time ...