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Excluding the continuous strip plating industry, copper is the second most commonly-plated metal after nickel. [6] Copper electroplating offers a number of advantages over other plating processes, including low metal cost, high-conductivity and high-ductility bright finish, and high plating efficiency.
Simplified diagram for electroplating copper (orange) on a conductive object (the cathode, "Me", gray). The electrolyte is a solution of copper sulfate, CuSO 4 in sulfuric acid. A copper anode is used to replenish the electrolyte with copper cations Cu 2+ as they are plated out at the cathode.
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [19]
Metal powder production by electrodeposition is included in this category, or sometimes electrowinning, or a separate category depending on application. [2] Electroplating, the deposition of a layer of one metal on another [2] Electroforming, the manufacture of, usually thin, metal parts through electroplating [2]
The primary electrochemical process which occurs during aqueous electrodeposition is the electrolysis of water. This can be shown by the following two half reactions which occur at the two electrodes: Anode: 2H 2 O → O 2 (gas) + 4H(+) + 4e(-) Cathode: 4H 2 O + 4e(-) → 4OH(-) + 2H 2 (gas)
In electrowinning, an electrical current is passed from an inert anode through a leach solution containing the dissolved metal ions so that the metal is recovered as it is reduced and deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathode. In electrorefining, the anode consists of the impure metal (e.g., copper) to be refined. The impure ...
Copper foil is a thin sheet of copper metal that is widely used in various applications due to its excellent electrical conductivity, malleability, and corrosion resistance. It is an essential material in the electronics industry, especially for manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components.
electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to form a colored oxide or salt. [1] anodizing – electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer, producing a porous surface which can accept organic or inorganic ...