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Rescission at common law (as distinct from rescission in equity) is a self-help remedy: historically, the common law courts simply gave effect to the rescinding party's unequivocal election to rescind the contract. Rescission at common law is only available for fraudulent misrepresentations and duress.
The court may "declare the contract subsisting" and award damages in lieu of rescission, but s.2(3) prevents the award of double damages. Fraudulent misrepresentation is defined in the 3-part test in Donohoe v Donohoe , where the defendant Donohoe was categorically declared completely fraudulent as he:
Any breach of contract (warranty, condition or innominate term) gives rise to a right in the hands of the innocent party to recover their damage suffered which caused by the breach of contract by the defaulting party. Damages in the UK are the only [4] remedy available for breach of a warranty.
When damages are not predetermined/assessed in advance, then the amount recoverable is said to be "at large" (to be agreed or determined by a court or tribunal in the event of breach). The purpose of a liquidated damages clause is to increase certainty and avoid the legal costs of determining actual damages later if the contract is breached.
The award of specific performance requires that the two following criteria must be satisfied: [9] (i) Common law damages must be an inadequate remedy. For instance, when damages for a breach of contract found in favour of a third party are an inadequate remedy. [10] (ii) No bars to equitable relief prevent specific performance. A bar to relief ...
Rescission may not be sought except where it is the only means by which a party can obtain reparation for the damages caused to them by the contract [240] and is only permitted to the extent necessary to cover such damages. [241]
United States Naval Institute v. Charter Communications, Inc., 936 F.2d 692 (Second Cir. 1991) is a case discussing the extent and nature of contract damages. Damages for breach of contract are generally to provide damages for the injured party's loss; an injured party is not awarded damages based on the breaching party's gain. Snepp v.
In English law, a vitiating factor in the common law of contract is a factor that can affect the validity of a contract. The concept has been adopted in other common law jurisdictions, including the USA. A vitiating factor is one which spoils the contract, rendering it imperfect. The standard remedy is rescission, but damages may also
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