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The turn (symbol tr or pla) is a unit of plane angle measurement that is the measure of a complete angle—the angle subtended by a complete circle at its center. One turn is equal to 2π radians, 360 degrees or 400 gradians. As an angular unit, one turn also corresponds to one cycle (symbol cyc or c) [1] or to one revolution (symbol rev or r). [2]
One complete turn (360°) is equal to 2 π radians, so 180° is equal to π radians, or equivalently, the degree is a mathematical constant: 1° = π ⁄ 180. One turn (corresponding to a cycle or revolution) is equal to 360°. With the invention of the metric system, based on powers of ten, there was an attempt to replace degrees by decimal ...
A standard rate turn is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (180°/min). Fast airplanes, or aircraft on certain precision approaches, use a half standard rate ('rate half' in some countries), but the definition of standard rate does not change.
An angle equal to 1 / 2 turn (180° or π radians) is called a straight angle. [5] An angle larger than a straight angle but less than 1 turn (between 180° and 360°) is called a reflex angle. An angle equal to 1 turn (360° or 2 π radians) is called a full angle, complete angle, round angle or perigon.
The interior angle concept can be extended in a consistent way to crossed polygons such as star polygons by using the concept of directed angles.In general, the interior angle sum in degrees of any closed polygon, including crossed (self-intersecting) ones, is then given by 180(n–2k)°, where n is the number of vertices, and the strictly positive integer k is the number of total (360 ...
[18] [19] Today, the degree, 1 / 360 of a turn, or the mathematically more convenient radian, 1 / 2 π of a turn (used in the SI system of units) is generally used instead. In the 1970s – 1990s, most scientific calculators offered the gon, as well as radians and degrees, for their trigonometric functions . [ 23 ]
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Standard rate turn is a standardized rate at which the aircraft will make a 360 degree turn in two minutes (120 seconds). Standard rate turn is indicated on turn coordinator or turn-slip indicator. All turns during flights under instrument rules shall be made at standard turn rate, but no more than 30 degrees of bank.