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Hopefully, patients will graduate to the medium dehydration or "some" dehydration category and receive continued treatment as above. [1] Inadequate replacement of potassium losses during diarrhea can lead to potassium depletion and hypokalaemia (low serum potassium) especially in children with malnutrition.
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Women are more likely than men to be obese, where the rate of obesity in women doubled from 8% to 14% between 1980 and 2008. [113] Being overweight as a child has become an increasingly important statistic as an indicator for later development of obesity and non-infectious diseases such as cardiovascular disease . [ 104 ]
Mild calorie restriction may be beneficial for pregnant women to reduce weight gain (without weight loss) and reduce perinatal risks for both the mother and child. [11] [12] For overweight or obese individuals, calorie restriction may improve health through weight loss, although a gradual weight regain of 1–2 kg (2.2–4.4 lb) per year may occur.
The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is often a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition.
This is an extreme example of how malnutrition can result in hypoalbuminemia. [3] More typical is malnutrition-associated hypoalbuminemia in the elderly, who appear thin and frail but not with the rounded abdomen and edema seen in Kwashiorkor. Albumin is an acute negative phase respondent and not a reliable indicator of nutrition status.
The 2010 South Africa Department of Health Study found that 30.2% of pregnant women in South Africa have AIDS. [4] Malnutrition can cause several different health problems, such as pellagra. [5] [6] The specific consequences of malnutrition vary depending on the individual and the specific nutrients the individual's diet is lacking.
The results indicate a lower average weight for U.S.-born black women, compared to the higher and relative equal averages of African-born black women and U.S-born white women. [32] These data suggest there is a biological element of race, and one that may persist throughout life, manifesting as chronic illness in adulthood. [ 32 ]