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  2. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location ...

  3. Biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

    Proteins can have structural and/or functional roles. For instance, movements of the proteins actin and myosin ultimately are responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscle. One property many proteins have is that they specifically bind to a certain molecule or class of molecules—they may be extremely selective in what they bind.

  4. Membrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein

    Although membrane proteins play an important role in all organisms, their purification has historically, and continues to be, a huge challenge for protein scientists. In 2008, 150 unique structures of membrane proteins were available, [14] and by 2019 only 50 human membrane proteins had had their structures elucidated. [13]

  5. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, for which they received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1]

  6. Macromolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecule

    All living organisms are dependent on three essential biopolymers for their biological functions: DNA, RNA and proteins. [10] Each of these molecules is required for life since each plays a distinct, indispensable role in the cell. [11] The simple summary is that DNA makes RNA, and then RNA makes proteins.

  7. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    The remaining elements found in living things are primarily metals that play a role in determining protein structure. Examples include iron, essential to hemoglobin; and magnesium, essential to chlorophyll. Some elements are essential only to certain taxonomic groups of organisms, particularly the prokaryotes.

  8. Protein (nutrient) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)

    For milk proteins, about 50% of the ingested protein is absorbed between the stomach and the jejunum and 90% is absorbed by the time the digested food reaches the ileum. [34] Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body.

  9. Protein–protein interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinprotein_interaction

    The protein protein interactions are displayed in a signed network that describes what type of interactions that are taking place [74] Proteinprotein interactions often result in one of the interacting proteins either being 'activated' or 'repressed'. Such effects can be indicated in a PPI network by "signs" (e.g. "activation" or "inhibition").