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2. Consideration under American law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration_under...

   Thus whether $1.00 is consideration does not depend on the benefit received but whether the $1.00 had actually been bargained for. In some [clarification needed] jurisdictions, contracts calling for such nominal or "peppercorn" consideration will be upheld unless a particular contract is deemed unconscionable.

3. Pre-existing duty rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-existing_duty_rule

   The leading case is Stilk v Myrick (1809), [3] where a captain promised 8 crew the wages of two deserters provided the remainders completed the voyage. The shipowner refused to honour the agreement; the court deemed the eight crew were unable to enforce the deal as they had an existing obligation to sail the ship and meet "ordinary foreseeable emergencies".

4. Consideration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration

   Conversely, if A signs a contract to buy a car from B for $0, B's consideration is still the car, but A is giving no consideration, and so there is no valid contract. However, if B still gives the title to the car to A, then B cannot take the car back, since, while it may not be a valid contract, it is a valid gift .

5. Peppercorn (law) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppercorn_(law)

   The situation is different under contracts within civil law jurisdictions because such nominal consideration can be categorised as a disguised gift. [4] The remainder of this section is a U.S. perception, not English. However, courts will not generally inquire into the adequacy or relative value of the consideration provided by each party. [5]

6. Consideration in English law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration_in_English_law

   Consideration can be anything of value (such as any goods, money, services, or promises of any of these), which each party gives as a quid pro quo to support their side of the bargain. Mutual promises constitute consideration for each other. [a] If only one party offers consideration, the agreement is a "bare promise" and is unenforceable.

7. California Civil Code - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Civil_Code

   For example, as enacted in California, the Civil Code contains a definition of consideration, [4] a principle in the common law of contracts which has no direct equivalent in civil law systems. Similarly, it codifies the mailbox rule that communication of acceptance is effective when dropped in the mail, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] which is a feature unique to ...