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Sports injuries are injuries that occur during sports or exercise in general. In the United States, approximately 30 million people participate in some form of organized sports. [1] Of those 30 million, about 3 million athletes aged 14 and under suffer a sports related injury annually.
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Many of the common injuries that affect runners are chronic, developing over longer periods as the result of overuse. Common overuse injuries include shin splints, stress fractures, Achilles tendinitis, Iliotibial band syndrome, Patellofemoral pain (runner's knee), and plantar fasciitis. Proper running form is important in injury prevention.
The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS), previously OSICS, is used to classify injuries to enable research into specific sports injuries. [7] [8] The injury severity score (ISS) is a medical score to assess trauma severity. [9] [10] It correlates with mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization time after trauma.
Sometimes sports injuries can be so severe that they lead to death. In 2010 48 youths died from sports injuries. [48] The leading causes of death in youth sports are sudden cardiac arrest, concussion, heat illness and external sickling. [49] Cardiac-related deaths are usually due to an undiagnosed cardiovascular disorder. [50]
A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury to part of the musculoskeletal or nervous system caused by repetitive use, vibrations, compression or long periods in a fixed position. [1] Other common names include repetitive stress injury , repetitive stress disorders , cumulative trauma disorders ( CTDs ), and overuse syndrome .
Musculoskeletal injuries can affect any part of the human body including; bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and other soft tissues. [1] Symptoms include mild to severe aches, low back pain, numbness, tingling, atrophy and weakness. [1] [2] These injuries are a result of repetitive motions and actions over a period of time. [6]
Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a distinct field of health care.