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One of the most common types of magnesium, magnesium citrate, is composed of magnesium bound to citric acid. “It is one of the most bioavailable forms of magnesium,” explains White.
The structures of solid magnesium citrates have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.In the 1:1 salt, only one carboxylate of citrate is deprotonated. It has the formula Mg(H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7) 2 The other form of magnesium citrate has the formula Mg(HC 6 H 5 O 7)(H 2 O) 2, consisting of the citrate dianion (both carboxylic acids are deprotonated). [1]
The anhydrous salt has good solubilty in water (~10% or more at 25°C) and contains 16.2% elemental magnesium by weight. Its taste is slightly bitter-alkaline. The hydrated salt may have 3 to 14 molecules of water attached to it and has much lower solubility in water (2% or less at 25°C). [1] This form doesn't have any noticeable taste.
Magnesium is absorbed orally at about 30% bioavailability from any water soluble salt, such as magnesium chloride or magnesium citrate. The citrate is the least expensive soluble (high bioavailability) oral magnesium salt available in supplements, with 100 mg and 200 mg magnesium typically contained per capsule, tablet or 50 mg/mL in solution. [26]
According to the NIH, women should consume 310 to 320 mg of magnesium per day, and men should ingest 400 to 420 mg daily. Foods should always be your first focus when trying to up your intake of ...
Magnesium deficiency is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is a low level of magnesium in the body. [3] Symptoms include tremor, poor coordination, muscle spasms, loss of appetite, personality changes, and nystagmus. [1] [2] Complications may include seizures or cardiac arrest such as from torsade de pointes. [1]
Severe clinical conditions require increasing renal magnesium excretion through: Intravenous loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide), or hemodialysis, when kidney function is impaired, or the patient is symptomatic from severe hypermagnesemia. This approach usually removes magnesium efficiently (up to 50% reduction after a 3- to 4-hour treatment).
Magnesium aspartate is a magnesium salt of aspartic acid. [1] It is used as a mineral supplement, and as an ingredient in manufacturing of cosmetics and household products. [1] As magnesium is an essential micronutrient, [2] the use of magnesium aspartate as a supplement is intended to increase magnesium levels in the body. [3] [4]
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