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Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases. It occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination, [1] that the communicable ...
Vaccine-naive. The time-course of an immune response begins with the initial pathogen encounter, (or initial vaccination) and leads to the formation and maintenance of active immunological memory. Vaccine-naive is a lack of immunity, or immunologic memory, to a disease because the person has not been vaccinated.
Herd immunity. Main article: Herd immunity. A term to describe when a high percentage of a defined population is immune to a disease because of vaccination or prior exposure to a disease. Heterologous vaccination. Main article: Heterologous vaccine. Combining different brands or types of vaccines, instead of getting multiple doses of the same ...
A COVID-19 vaccine is intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 . Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing diseases like severe acute ...
“Herd immunity is achieved by protecting people from a virus, not by exposing them to it," said Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. WHO warns against pursuing herd immunity to stop ...
Mathematical models can project how infectious diseases progress to show the likely outcome of an epidemic (including in plants) and help inform public health and plant health interventions. Models use basic assumptions or collected statistics along with mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases and use those parameters to ...
Dr. Schreiber of San Augustine giving a typhoid inoculation at a rural school, San Augustine County, Texas. Transfer from U.S. Office of War Information, 1944. Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
Recognition. Edmunds was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to infectious disease control particularly the Ebola crisis response in West Africa. [ 16] He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2018. [ 17] He was knighted in the 2024 New Year Honours ...