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When these glands are active, they leave the nose and paw pads slightly moist and help these specialized skin features maintain their functional properties. [4] The odor associated with dog paw pads is much more noticeable on dogs with moist paw pads than on those with dry pads. Dogs also have numerous apocrine glands in their external ear canals.
The violet gland or supracaudal gland is a gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves, [1] and the domestic dog, [2] as well as the domestic cat. [3] Like many other mammalian secretion glands, the violet gland consists of modified sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
Scent hounds, especially the bloodhound, are bred for their keen sense of smell. The dog sense of smell is the most powerful sense of this species, the olfactory system of canines being much more complex and developed than that of humans. [1] It is believed to be up to 10 million times as sensitive as a human's in specialized breeds.
The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland found in many species of artiodactyls, which is homologous to the lacrimal gland found in humans. These glands are trenchlike slits of dark blue to black, nearly bare skin extending from the medial canthus of each eye.
A dogs acuity to a scent group is so refined they are able to discriminate humans by odour [7] and can even match certain scents to specific body parts of an individual. [8] Scent discrimination is most proficient while a human odour is fresh and becomes more difficult once an odour starts to fade. [6]
The fossa has several scent glands. Like herpestids it has a perianal skin gland inside an anal sac which surrounds the anus like a pocket. The pocket opens to the exterior with a horizontal slit below the tail. Other glands are located near the penis or vagina, with the penile glands emitting a strong odor. Like the herpestids, it has no ...
In this view, a decrease in the fraction of functional OR genes would cause a reduction in the sense of smell; species with higher pseudogene count would also have a decreased olfactory ability. This assumption is flawed. Dogs, which are reputed to have good sense of smell, [43] do not have the largest number of functional OR genes. [41]
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