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Most cephalopod dermal structures take the form of tubercles, and these are the only cartilaginous dermal structures (the various "dermal cushions" being composed of other forms of connective tissue). All three main types of cartilage found in vertebrates are represented among the different squid species: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.
Finally, the circular muscles are used as the main activators in jetting. They are muscle bands that surround the mantle and expand/contract the cavity. All three muscle types work in unison to produce a jet as a propulsion mechanism. [81] Squids do not have the longitudinal muscles that octopus do. Instead, they have a tunic. [81]
The structure of the umbrella octopus has the oral surface below the mantle of the octopuses and the web with their arms surround the bottom of the mantle. [2] Their outer skin has a very delicate consistency that results in white spots appearing on their skin when damaged. [ 2 ]
The octopus can squeeze through tiny gaps; even the larger species can pass through a gap little more than 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. [30] Lacking skeletal support, the arms work as muscular hydrostats and contain longitudinal, transverse and circular muscles around a central axial nerve. They can extend and contract, twist to left or right ...
Weathering proxies are commonly based on major-element chemical analyses (e.g., X-ray fluorescence [26]). Mantle and lithospheric processes and their interactions are investigated by analogue models, [ 40 ] numerical models [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 33 ] [ 43 ] and seismic tomographic imaging.
Cephalopod limbs bear numerous suckers along their ventral surface as in octopus, squid and cuttlefish arms and in clusters at the ends of the tentacles (if present), as in squid and cuttlefish. [9] Each sucker is usually circular and bowl-like and has two distinct parts: an outer shallow cavity called an infundibulum and a central hollow ...
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In argonauts, the male transfers the spermatophores to the female by putting its hectocotylus into a cavity in the mantle of the female, called the pallial cavity. This is the only contact the male and female have with each other during copulation, and it can be at a distance. During copulation, the hectocotylus breaks off from the male.