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The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [1] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
Bulgarian middle names are patronymic and use the gender-agreeing suffix as well, thus the middle name of Nikola's son becomes Nikolov, and the middle name of Ivan's son becomes Ivanov. Since names in Bulgarian are gender-based, Bulgarian women have the -ova surname suffix (Cyrillic: -овa ), for example, Maria Ivanova .
Coat of arms of Tsar Ivan Asen II Monument to the Asen dynasty in their capital Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, sculptor prof. Krum Damianov. The House of Asen, also Asen dynasty or the Asenids (Bulgarian: Асеневци, romanized: Asenevtsi), founded and ruled a medieval Bulgarian state, called in modern historiography the Second Bulgarian Empire, between 1185 and 1280.
The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search; complete text Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine; Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria (Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1990) excerpt and text search; also complete text online. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) excerpt and ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 February 2025. Bulgarians from the geographic region of Macedonia Not to be confused with Bulgarians in North Macedonia, Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia, or Ethnic Macedonians in Bulgaria. The Bitola inscription is a marble slab with Cyrillic letters of Ivan Vladislav from 1016. The text reports ...
Volga Bulgaria was a buffer state between Europe and the Muslim world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages from the 10th century onward, and slaves were one of the main goods. The Volga Bulgarian slave trade was one of the major routes of the human trafficking of saqaliba slaves from ...
The main sources about Bogomilism in Bulgaria come from a letter of the Ecumenical Patriarch Theophylact of Constantinople to Peter I (c. 940), a treatise by Cosmas the Priest (c. 970) and the anti-Bogomil council of Emperor Boril of Bulgaria (1211). [277]
By the middle of the 6th century, the Bulgars momentarily fade from the sources and the Kutrigurs and Utigurs come to the front. [3] Between 548 and 576, mostly due to Justinian I (527–565), through diplomatic persuasion and bribery the Kutrigurs and Utigurs were drawn into mutual warfare, decimating one another.