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In machine learning, backpropagation [1] is a gradient estimation method commonly used for training a neural network to compute its parameter updates. It is an efficient application of the chain rule to neural networks.
Backpropagation; Rescorla–Wagner model – the origin ... It can be derived as the backpropagation algorithm for a single-layer neural network with mean-square ...
In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms.Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in (/) where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves.
Back_Propagation_Through_Time(a, y) // a[t] is the input at time t. y[t] is the output Unfold the network to contain k instances of f do until stopping criterion is met: x := the zero-magnitude vector // x is the current context for t from 0 to n − k do // t is time. n is the length of the training sequence Set the network inputs to x, a[t ...
Neural backpropagation is the phenomenon in which, after the action potential of a neuron creates a voltage spike down the axon (normal propagation), another impulse is generated from the soma and propagates towards the apical portions of the dendritic arbor or dendrites (from which much of the original input current originated).
Backpropagation allowed researchers to train supervised deep artificial neural networks from scratch, initially with little success. Hochreiter 's diplom thesis of 1991 formally identified the reason for this failure in the "vanishing gradient problem", [ 2 ] [ 3 ] which not only affects many-layered feedforward networks , [ 4 ] but also ...
Rprop, short for resilient backpropagation, is a learning heuristic for supervised learning in feedforward artificial neural networks. This is a first-order optimization algorithm. This algorithm was created by Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun in 1992. [1]
The novelty of Fehlberg's method is that it is an embedded method from the Runge–Kutta family, meaning that it reuses the same intermediate calculations to produce two estimates of different accuracy